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pytorch-image-models/hfdocs/source/models/densenet.mdx

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# DenseNet
**DenseNet** is a type of convolutional neural network that utilises dense connections between layers, through [Dense Blocks](http://www.paperswithcode.com/method/dense-block), where we connect *all layers* (with matching feature-map sizes) directly with each other. To preserve the feed-forward nature, each layer obtains additional inputs from all preceding layers and passes on its own feature-maps to all subsequent layers.
The **DenseNet Blur** variant in this collection by Ross Wightman employs [Blur Pooling](http://www.paperswithcode.com/method/blur-pooling)
## How do I use this model on an image?
To load a pretrained model:
```py
>>> import timm
>>> model = timm.create_model('densenet121', pretrained=True)
>>> model.eval()
```
To load and preprocess the image:
```py
>>> import urllib
>>> from PIL import Image
>>> from timm.data import resolve_data_config
>>> from timm.data.transforms_factory import create_transform
>>> config = resolve_data_config({}, model=model)
>>> transform = create_transform(**config)
>>> url, filename = ("https://github.com/pytorch/hub/raw/master/images/dog.jpg", "dog.jpg")
>>> urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, filename)
>>> img = Image.open(filename).convert('RGB')
>>> tensor = transform(img).unsqueeze(0) # transform and add batch dimension
```
To get the model predictions:
```py
>>> import torch
>>> with torch.no_grad():
... out = model(tensor)
>>> probabilities = torch.nn.functional.softmax(out[0], dim=0)
>>> print(probabilities.shape)
>>> # prints: torch.Size([1000])
```
To get the top-5 predictions class names:
```py
>>> # Get imagenet class mappings
>>> url, filename = ("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pytorch/hub/master/imagenet_classes.txt", "imagenet_classes.txt")
>>> urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, filename)
>>> with open("imagenet_classes.txt", "r") as f:
... categories = [s.strip() for s in f.readlines()]
>>> # Print top categories per image
>>> top5_prob, top5_catid = torch.topk(probabilities, 5)
>>> for i in range(top5_prob.size(0)):
... print(categories[top5_catid[i]], top5_prob[i].item())
>>> # prints class names and probabilities like:
>>> # [('Samoyed', 0.6425196528434753), ('Pomeranian', 0.04062102362513542), ('keeshond', 0.03186424449086189), ('white wolf', 0.01739676296710968), ('Eskimo dog', 0.011717947199940681)]
```
Replace the model name with the variant you want to use, e.g. `densenet121`. You can find the IDs in the model summaries at the top of this page.
To extract image features with this model, follow the [timm feature extraction examples](https://rwightman.github.io/pytorch-image-models/feature_extraction/), just change the name of the model you want to use.
## How do I finetune this model?
You can finetune any of the pre-trained models just by changing the classifier (the last layer).
```py
>>> model = timm.create_model('densenet121', pretrained=True, num_classes=NUM_FINETUNE_CLASSES)
```
To finetune on your own dataset, you have to write a training loop or adapt [timm's training
script](https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/blob/master/train.py) to use your dataset.
## How do I train this model?
You can follow the [timm recipe scripts](scripts) for training a new model afresh.
## Citation
```BibTeX
@article{DBLP:journals/corr/HuangLW16a,
author = {Gao Huang and
Zhuang Liu and
Kilian Q. Weinberger},
title = {Densely Connected Convolutional Networks},
journal = {CoRR},
volume = {abs/1608.06993},
year = {2016},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1608.06993},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
eprint = {1608.06993},
timestamp = {Mon, 10 Sep 2018 15:49:32 +0200},
biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/HuangLW16a.bib},
bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
}
```
```
@misc{rw2019timm,
author = {Ross Wightman},
title = {PyTorch Image Models},
year = {2019},
publisher = {GitHub},
journal = {GitHub repository},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.4414861},
howpublished = {\url{https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models}}
}
```
<!--
Type: model-index
Collections:
- Name: DenseNet
Paper:
Title: Densely Connected Convolutional Networks
URL: https://paperswithcode.com/paper/densely-connected-convolutional-networks
Models:
- Name: densenet121
In Collection: DenseNet
Metadata:
FLOPs: 3641843200
Parameters: 7980000
File Size: 32376726
Architecture:
- 1x1 Convolution
- Average Pooling
- Batch Normalization
- Convolution
- Dense Block
- Dense Connections
- Dropout
- Max Pooling
- ReLU
- Softmax
Tasks:
- Image Classification
Training Techniques:
- Kaiming Initialization
- Nesterov Accelerated Gradient
- Weight Decay
Training Data:
- ImageNet
ID: densenet121
LR: 0.1
Epochs: 90
Layers: 121
Dropout: 0.2
Crop Pct: '0.875'
Momentum: 0.9
Batch Size: 256
Image Size: '224'
Weight Decay: 0.0001
Interpolation: bicubic
Code: https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/blob/d8e69206be253892b2956341fea09fdebfaae4e3/timm/models/densenet.py#L295
Weights: https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/releases/download/v0.1-weights/densenet121_ra-50efcf5c.pth
Results:
- Task: Image Classification
Dataset: ImageNet
Metrics:
Top 1 Accuracy: 75.56%
Top 5 Accuracy: 92.65%
- Name: densenet161
In Collection: DenseNet
Metadata:
FLOPs: 9931959264
Parameters: 28680000
File Size: 115730790
Architecture:
- 1x1 Convolution
- Average Pooling
- Batch Normalization
- Convolution
- Dense Block
- Dense Connections
- Dropout
- Max Pooling
- ReLU
- Softmax
Tasks:
- Image Classification
Training Techniques:
- Kaiming Initialization
- Nesterov Accelerated Gradient
- Weight Decay
Training Data:
- ImageNet
ID: densenet161
LR: 0.1
Epochs: 90
Layers: 161
Dropout: 0.2
Crop Pct: '0.875'
Momentum: 0.9
Batch Size: 256
Image Size: '224'
Weight Decay: 0.0001
Interpolation: bicubic
Code: https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/blob/d8e69206be253892b2956341fea09fdebfaae4e3/timm/models/densenet.py#L347
Weights: https://download.pytorch.org/models/densenet161-8d451a50.pth
Results:
- Task: Image Classification
Dataset: ImageNet
Metrics:
Top 1 Accuracy: 77.36%
Top 5 Accuracy: 93.63%
- Name: densenet169
In Collection: DenseNet
Metadata:
FLOPs: 4316945792
Parameters: 14150000
File Size: 57365526
Architecture:
- 1x1 Convolution
- Average Pooling
- Batch Normalization
- Convolution
- Dense Block
- Dense Connections
- Dropout
- Max Pooling
- ReLU
- Softmax
Tasks:
- Image Classification
Training Techniques:
- Kaiming Initialization
- Nesterov Accelerated Gradient
- Weight Decay
Training Data:
- ImageNet
ID: densenet169
LR: 0.1
Epochs: 90
Layers: 169
Dropout: 0.2
Crop Pct: '0.875'
Momentum: 0.9
Batch Size: 256
Image Size: '224'
Weight Decay: 0.0001
Interpolation: bicubic
Code: https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/blob/d8e69206be253892b2956341fea09fdebfaae4e3/timm/models/densenet.py#L327
Weights: https://download.pytorch.org/models/densenet169-b2777c0a.pth
Results:
- Task: Image Classification
Dataset: ImageNet
Metrics:
Top 1 Accuracy: 75.9%
Top 5 Accuracy: 93.02%
- Name: densenet201
In Collection: DenseNet
Metadata:
FLOPs: 5514321024
Parameters: 20010000
File Size: 81131730
Architecture:
- 1x1 Convolution
- Average Pooling
- Batch Normalization
- Convolution
- Dense Block
- Dense Connections
- Dropout
- Max Pooling
- ReLU
- Softmax
Tasks:
- Image Classification
Training Techniques:
- Kaiming Initialization
- Nesterov Accelerated Gradient
- Weight Decay
Training Data:
- ImageNet
ID: densenet201
LR: 0.1
Epochs: 90
Layers: 201
Dropout: 0.2
Crop Pct: '0.875'
Momentum: 0.9
Batch Size: 256
Image Size: '224'
Weight Decay: 0.0001
Interpolation: bicubic
Code: https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/blob/d8e69206be253892b2956341fea09fdebfaae4e3/timm/models/densenet.py#L337
Weights: https://download.pytorch.org/models/densenet201-c1103571.pth
Results:
- Task: Image Classification
Dataset: ImageNet
Metrics:
Top 1 Accuracy: 77.29%
Top 5 Accuracy: 93.48%
- Name: densenetblur121d
In Collection: DenseNet
Metadata:
FLOPs: 3947812864
Parameters: 8000000
File Size: 32456500
Architecture:
- 1x1 Convolution
- Batch Normalization
- Blur Pooling
- Convolution
- Dense Block
- Dense Connections
- Dropout
- Max Pooling
- ReLU
- Softmax
Tasks:
- Image Classification
Training Data:
- ImageNet
ID: densenetblur121d
Crop Pct: '0.875'
Image Size: '224'
Interpolation: bicubic
Code: https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/blob/d8e69206be253892b2956341fea09fdebfaae4e3/timm/models/densenet.py#L305
Weights: https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/releases/download/v0.1-weights/densenetblur121d_ra-100dcfbc.pth
Results:
- Task: Image Classification
Dataset: ImageNet
Metrics:
Top 1 Accuracy: 76.59%
Top 5 Accuracy: 93.2%
- Name: tv_densenet121
In Collection: DenseNet
Metadata:
FLOPs: 3641843200
Parameters: 7980000
File Size: 32342954
Architecture:
- 1x1 Convolution
- Average Pooling
- Batch Normalization
- Convolution
- Dense Block
- Dense Connections
- Dropout
- Max Pooling
- ReLU
- Softmax
Tasks:
- Image Classification
Training Techniques:
- SGD with Momentum
- Weight Decay
Training Data:
- ImageNet
ID: tv_densenet121
LR: 0.1
Epochs: 90
Crop Pct: '0.875'
LR Gamma: 0.1
Momentum: 0.9
Batch Size: 32
Image Size: '224'
LR Step Size: 30
Weight Decay: 0.0001
Interpolation: bicubic
Code: https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/blob/d8e69206be253892b2956341fea09fdebfaae4e3/timm/models/densenet.py#L379
Weights: https://download.pytorch.org/models/densenet121-a639ec97.pth
Results:
- Task: Image Classification
Dataset: ImageNet
Metrics:
Top 1 Accuracy: 74.74%
Top 5 Accuracy: 92.15%
-->