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pytorch-image-models/models/vision-transformer/index.html

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<h1 id="vision-transformer-vit">Vision Transformer (ViT)</h1>
<p>The <strong>Vision Transformer</strong> is a model for image classification that employs a Transformer-like architecture over patches of the image. This includes the use of <a href="https://paperswithcode.com/method/multi-head-attention">Multi-Head Attention</a>, <a href="https://paperswithcode.com/method/scaled">Scaled Dot-Product Attention</a> and other architectural features seen in the <a href="https://paperswithcode.com/method/transformer">Transformer</a> architecture traditionally used for NLP.</p>
<h2 id="how-do-i-use-this-model-on-an-image">How do I use this model on an image?</h2>
<p>To load a pretrained model:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">timm</span>
<span class="n">model</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">timm</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create_model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;vit_base_patch16_224&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pretrained</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">model</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">eval</span><span class="p">()</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>To load and preprocess the image:
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">urllib</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">PIL</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Image</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">timm.data</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">resolve_data_config</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">timm.data.transforms_factory</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">create_transform</span>
<span class="n">config</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">resolve_data_config</span><span class="p">({},</span> <span class="n">model</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">model</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">transform</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">create_transform</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">config</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">url</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">filename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;https://github.com/pytorch/hub/raw/master/images/dog.jpg&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;dog.jpg&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">urllib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">urlretrieve</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">url</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">img</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">convert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;RGB&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">tensor</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">transform</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">img</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">unsqueeze</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># transform and add batch dimension</span>
</code></pre></div></p>
<p>To get the model predictions:
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">torch</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">no_grad</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tensor</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">probabilities</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">functional</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">softmax</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">dim</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">probabilities</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shape</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># prints: torch.Size([1000])</span>
</code></pre></div></p>
<p>To get the top-5 predictions class names:
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># Get imagenet class mappings</span>
<span class="n">url</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">filename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pytorch/hub/master/imagenet_classes.txt&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;imagenet_classes.txt&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">urllib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">urlretrieve</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">url</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;imagenet_classes.txt&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;r&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">categories</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">s</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">readlines</span><span class="p">()]</span>
<span class="c1"># Print top categories per image</span>
<span class="n">top5_prob</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">top5_catid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">topk</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">probabilities</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">top5_prob</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)):</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">categories</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">top5_catid</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]],</span> <span class="n">top5_prob</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="c1"># prints class names and probabilities like:</span>
<span class="c1"># [(&#39;Samoyed&#39;, 0.6425196528434753), (&#39;Pomeranian&#39;, 0.04062102362513542), (&#39;keeshond&#39;, 0.03186424449086189), (&#39;white wolf&#39;, 0.01739676296710968), (&#39;Eskimo dog&#39;, 0.011717947199940681)]</span>
</code></pre></div></p>
<p>Replace the model name with the variant you want to use, e.g. <code>vit_base_patch16_224</code>. You can find the IDs in the model summaries at the top of this page.</p>
<p>To extract image features with this model, follow the <a href="https://rwightman.github.io/pytorch-image-models/feature_extraction/">timm feature extraction examples</a>, just change the name of the model you want to use.</p>
<h2 id="how-do-i-finetune-this-model">How do I finetune this model?</h2>
<p>You can finetune any of the pre-trained models just by changing the classifier (the last layer).
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">model</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">timm</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create_model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;vit_base_patch16_224&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pretrained</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num_classes</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">NUM_FINETUNE_CLASSES</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
To finetune on your own dataset, you have to write a training loop or adapt <a href="https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/blob/master/train.py">timm's training
script</a> to use your dataset.</p>
<h2 id="how-do-i-train-this-model">How do I train this model?</h2>
<p>You can follow the <a href="https://rwightman.github.io/pytorch-image-models/scripts/">timm recipe scripts</a> for training a new model afresh.</p>
<h2 id="citation">Citation</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nc">@misc</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nl">dosovitskiy2020image</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="na">title</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="s">{An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale}</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="na">author</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="s">{Alexey Dosovitskiy and Lucas Beyer and Alexander Kolesnikov and Dirk Weissenborn and Xiaohua Zhai and Thomas Unterthiner and Mostafa Dehghani and Matthias Minderer and Georg Heigold and Sylvain Gelly and Jakob Uszkoreit and Neil Houlsby}</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="na">year</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="s">{2020}</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="na">eprint</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="s">{2010.11929}</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="na">archivePrefix</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="s">{arXiv}</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="na">primaryClass</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="s">{cs.CV}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
<!--
Type: model-index
Collections:
- Name: Vision Transformer
Paper:
Title: 'An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale'
URL: https://paperswithcode.com/paper/an-image-is-worth-16x16-words-transformers-1
Models:
- Name: vit_base_patch16_224
In Collection: Vision Transformer
Metadata:
FLOPs: 67394605056
Parameters: 86570000
File Size: 346292833
Architecture:
- Attention Dropout
- Convolution
- Dense Connections
- Dropout
- GELU
- Layer Normalization
- Multi-Head Attention
- Scaled Dot-Product Attention
- Tanh Activation
Tasks:
- Image Classification
Training Techniques:
- Cosine Annealing
- Gradient Clipping
- SGD with Momentum
Training Data:
- ImageNet
- JFT-300M
Training Resources: TPUv3
ID: vit_base_patch16_224
LR: 0.0008
Epochs: 90
Dropout: 0.0
Crop Pct: '0.9'
Batch Size: 4096
Image Size: '224'
Warmup Steps: 10000
Weight Decay: 0.03
Interpolation: bicubic
Code: https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/blob/5f9aff395c224492e9e44248b15f44b5cc095d9c/timm/models/vision_transformer.py#L503
Weights: https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/releases/download/v0.1-vitjx/jx_vit_base_p16_224-80ecf9dd.pth
Results:
- Task: Image Classification
Dataset: ImageNet
Metrics:
Top 1 Accuracy: 81.78%
Top 5 Accuracy: 96.13%
- Name: vit_base_patch16_384
In Collection: Vision Transformer
Metadata:
FLOPs: 49348245504
Parameters: 86860000
File Size: 347460194
Architecture:
- Attention Dropout
- Convolution
- Dense Connections
- Dropout
- GELU
- Layer Normalization
- Multi-Head Attention
- Scaled Dot-Product Attention
- Tanh Activation
Tasks:
- Image Classification
Training Techniques:
- Cosine Annealing
- Gradient Clipping
- SGD with Momentum
Training Data:
- ImageNet
- JFT-300M
Training Resources: TPUv3
ID: vit_base_patch16_384
Crop Pct: '1.0'
Momentum: 0.9
Batch Size: 512
Image Size: '384'
Weight Decay: 0.0
Interpolation: bicubic
Code: https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/blob/5f9aff395c224492e9e44248b15f44b5cc095d9c/timm/models/vision_transformer.py#L522
Weights: https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/releases/download/v0.1-vitjx/jx_vit_base_p16_384-83fb41ba.pth
Results:
- Task: Image Classification
Dataset: ImageNet
Metrics:
Top 1 Accuracy: 84.2%
Top 5 Accuracy: 97.22%
- Name: vit_base_patch32_384
In Collection: Vision Transformer
Metadata:
FLOPs: 12656142336
Parameters: 88300000
File Size: 353210979
Architecture:
- Attention Dropout
- Convolution
- Dense Connections
- Dropout
- GELU
- Layer Normalization
- Multi-Head Attention
- Scaled Dot-Product Attention
- Tanh Activation
Tasks:
- Image Classification
Training Techniques:
- Cosine Annealing
- Gradient Clipping
- SGD with Momentum
Training Data:
- ImageNet
- JFT-300M
Training Resources: TPUv3
ID: vit_base_patch32_384
Crop Pct: '1.0'
Momentum: 0.9
Batch Size: 512
Image Size: '384'
Weight Decay: 0.0
Interpolation: bicubic
Code: https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/blob/5f9aff395c224492e9e44248b15f44b5cc095d9c/timm/models/vision_transformer.py#L532
Weights: https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/releases/download/v0.1-vitjx/jx_vit_base_p32_384-830016f5.pth
Results:
- Task: Image Classification
Dataset: ImageNet
Metrics:
Top 1 Accuracy: 81.66%
Top 5 Accuracy: 96.13%
- Name: vit_base_resnet50_384
In Collection: Vision Transformer
Metadata:
FLOPs: 49461491712
Parameters: 98950000
File Size: 395854632
Architecture:
- Attention Dropout
- Convolution
- Dense Connections
- Dropout
- GELU
- Layer Normalization
- Multi-Head Attention
- Scaled Dot-Product Attention
- Tanh Activation
Tasks:
- Image Classification
Training Techniques:
- Cosine Annealing
- Gradient Clipping
- SGD with Momentum
Training Data:
- ImageNet
- JFT-300M
Training Resources: TPUv3
ID: vit_base_resnet50_384
Crop Pct: '1.0'
Momentum: 0.9
Batch Size: 512
Image Size: '384'
Weight Decay: 0.0
Interpolation: bicubic
Code: https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/blob/5f9aff395c224492e9e44248b15f44b5cc095d9c/timm/models/vision_transformer.py#L653
Weights: https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/releases/download/v0.1-vitjx/jx_vit_base_resnet50_384-9fd3c705.pth
Results:
- Task: Image Classification
Dataset: ImageNet
Metrics:
Top 1 Accuracy: 84.99%
Top 5 Accuracy: 97.3%
- Name: vit_large_patch16_224
In Collection: Vision Transformer
Metadata:
FLOPs: 119294746624
Parameters: 304330000
File Size: 1217350532
Architecture:
- Attention Dropout
- Convolution
- Dense Connections
- Dropout
- GELU
- Layer Normalization
- Multi-Head Attention
- Scaled Dot-Product Attention
- Tanh Activation
Tasks:
- Image Classification
Training Techniques:
- Cosine Annealing
- Gradient Clipping
- SGD with Momentum
Training Data:
- ImageNet
- JFT-300M
Training Resources: TPUv3
ID: vit_large_patch16_224
Crop Pct: '0.9'
Momentum: 0.9
Batch Size: 512
Image Size: '224'
Weight Decay: 0.0
Interpolation: bicubic
Code: https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/blob/5f9aff395c224492e9e44248b15f44b5cc095d9c/timm/models/vision_transformer.py#L542
Weights: https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/releases/download/v0.1-vitjx/jx_vit_large_p16_224-4ee7a4dc.pth
Results:
- Task: Image Classification
Dataset: ImageNet
Metrics:
Top 1 Accuracy: 83.06%
Top 5 Accuracy: 96.44%
- Name: vit_large_patch16_384
In Collection: Vision Transformer
Metadata:
FLOPs: 174702764032
Parameters: 304720000
File Size: 1218907013
Architecture:
- Attention Dropout
- Convolution
- Dense Connections
- Dropout
- GELU
- Layer Normalization
- Multi-Head Attention
- Scaled Dot-Product Attention
- Tanh Activation
Tasks:
- Image Classification
Training Techniques:
- Cosine Annealing
- Gradient Clipping
- SGD with Momentum
Training Data:
- ImageNet
- JFT-300M
Training Resources: TPUv3
ID: vit_large_patch16_384
Crop Pct: '1.0'
Momentum: 0.9
Batch Size: 512
Image Size: '384'
Weight Decay: 0.0
Interpolation: bicubic
Code: https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/blob/5f9aff395c224492e9e44248b15f44b5cc095d9c/timm/models/vision_transformer.py#L561
Weights: https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/releases/download/v0.1-vitjx/jx_vit_large_p16_384-b3be5167.pth
Results:
- Task: Image Classification
Dataset: ImageNet
Metrics:
Top 1 Accuracy: 85.17%
Top 5 Accuracy: 97.36%
- Name: vit_small_patch16_224
In Collection: Vision Transformer
Metadata:
FLOPs: 28236450816
Parameters: 48750000
File Size: 195031454
Architecture:
- Attention Dropout
- Convolution
- Dense Connections
- Dropout
- GELU
- Layer Normalization
- Multi-Head Attention
- Scaled Dot-Product Attention
- Tanh Activation
Tasks:
- Image Classification
Training Techniques:
- Cosine Annealing
- Gradient Clipping
- SGD with Momentum
Training Data:
- ImageNet
- JFT-300M
Training Resources: TPUv3
ID: vit_small_patch16_224
Crop Pct: '0.9'
Image Size: '224'
Interpolation: bicubic
Code: https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/blob/5f9aff395c224492e9e44248b15f44b5cc095d9c/timm/models/vision_transformer.py#L490
Weights: https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/releases/download/v0.1-weights/vit_small_p16_224-15ec54c9.pth
Results:
- Task: Image Classification
Dataset: ImageNet
Metrics:
Top 1 Accuracy: 77.85%
Top 5 Accuracy: 93.42%
-->
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